2,744 research outputs found
Merger Policy and Tax Competition
In many situations governments have sector-specific tax and regulation policies at their disposal to influence the market outcome after a national or an international merger has taken place. In this paper we study the implications for merger policy when countries non-cooperatively deploy
production-based taxes. We find that whether national or international mergers are more likely to be enacted in the presence of nationally optimal tax policies depends crucially on the ownership structure of firms. When all
firms are owned domestically in the pre-merger situation, non-cooperative tax policies are more efficient in the national merger case and smaller synergy effects are needed for this type of merger to be proposed and cleared. These results are reversed when there is a high degree of foreign
firm ownership prior to the merger
Finite domain constraint programming systems
Tutorial at CP'2002, Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming. Powerpoint slides.</p
Business R&D expenditure and capital in Europe
This study presents new estimates of business R&D capital stocks for 22 countries at the aggregate and industry levels. At 9 percent of GDP, the EU business R&D capital stock falls short of its US and Japanese counterparts. Within the EU, R&D capital stocks are much lower in the southern and the new member states, reflecting large and persistent disparities in R&D expenditure. There was hardly any convergence over the past decade. The R&D capital stock is concentrated on three technologyintensive manufacturing industries and is positively correlated with growth in total factor productivity across countries and industries. Finally, the ratios between the stocks of R&D capital and tangible capital suggest marked differences in how R&D and tangible capital are combined in production.R&D capital stock; R&D expenditure; tangible capital stock; R&D intensity; high-tech manufacturing
Survey on Combinatorial Register Allocation and Instruction Scheduling
Register allocation (mapping variables to processor registers or memory) and
instruction scheduling (reordering instructions to increase instruction-level
parallelism) are essential tasks for generating efficient assembly code in a
compiler. In the last three decades, combinatorial optimization has emerged as
an alternative to traditional, heuristic algorithms for these two tasks.
Combinatorial optimization approaches can deliver optimal solutions according
to a model, can precisely capture trade-offs between conflicting decisions, and
are more flexible at the expense of increased compilation time.
This paper provides an exhaustive literature review and a classification of
combinatorial optimization approaches to register allocation and instruction
scheduling, with a focus on the techniques that are most applied in this
context: integer programming, constraint programming, partitioned Boolean
quadratic programming, and enumeration. Researchers in compilers and
combinatorial optimization can benefit from identifying developments, trends,
and challenges in the area; compiler practitioners may discern opportunities
and grasp the potential benefit of applying combinatorial optimization
Merger Policy and Tax Competition
In many situations governments have sector-specific tax and regulation policies at their disposal to influence the market outcome after a national or an international merger has taken place. In this paper we study the implications for merger policy when countries non-cooperatively deploy production-based taxes. We find that whether national or international mergers are more likely to be enacted in the presence of nationally optimal tax policies depends crucially on the ownership structure of firms. When all firms are owned domestically in the pre-merger situation, non-cooperative tax policies are more efficient in the national merger case and smaller synergy effects are needed for this type of merger to be proposed and cleared. These results are reversed when there is a high degree of foreign firm ownership prior to the merger.merger regulation; tax competition
Rare Earth Element Patterns in Conodont Apatite from the Upper Ordovician: Testing Enrichment Sources and Possible Oceanographic Changes
The Mohawkian series of the Middle Late Ordovician was a time of great lithological and faunal changes that coincide with a positive ä13C excursion known as the Guttenberg Isotopic Carbon Excursion (GICE). Two prevailing hypotheses have been proposed to explain the cause of these changes. The âcold-waterâ hypothesis suggests that global cooling caused the tropical belt to shrink and cold water to invade the epicontinental sea while the âtectonic-forcingâ hypothesis suggests that increased weathering rates led to basinal deepening, resulting in cooler oceanic waters invading the midcontinent sea. This study tests if regional tectonics caused by the Taconic Orogeny led to an invasion of cool ocean water into the epicontinental sea using rare earth elements (REEs). Additionally, this research analyzes the potential REE enrichment sources to determine the level of diagenesis and to better determine paleoceanographic conditions. The hypothesis of this research states that REE values from the Dickeyville, Wisconsin section will exhibit a shift through time from âHREE-depletedâ patterns to âHREE enrichedâ patterns. The âHREE-depletedâ pattern would indicate that the shallow carbonate platform experienced LREE and MREE enrichment due to sediment deposition dominating the seawater signal. The transition to a âHREE enrichedâ REE pattern would coincide with a decrease in sediment deposition as basinal deepening occurs and seawater became the dominant REE enrichment source. Rare earth element concentrations were measured using an LA-ICP-MS on four conodont species prevalent in Dickeyville, WI with attention to the three types conodont tissues as well. The Dickeyville conodonts experienced REE enrichment from high terrigenous influx, which overprinted the âtrueâ seawater REE signal. Additionally, REE profiles indicate that K-bentonite deposits played a role in REE enrichment in the stratigraphically associated intervals and that sediment from a mix of sources is the primary source for REEs with occasional inputs from weathered magmas originating from the Transcontinental Arch and Precambrian shield. Due to the terrigenous overprinting and ashbed REE enrichment, the redox and oceanographic changes at the Dickeyville section could not be definitively interpreted. Therefore, REE analysis from the Dickeyville section does not indicate that tectonics played a role in the Upper Ordovician changes
Elastic Business Process Management: State of the Art and Open Challenges for BPM in the Cloud
With the advent of cloud computing, organizations are nowadays able to react
rapidly to changing demands for computational resources. Not only individual
applications can be hosted on virtual cloud infrastructures, but also complete
business processes. This allows the realization of so-called elastic processes,
i.e., processes which are carried out using elastic cloud resources. Despite
the manifold benefits of elastic processes, there is still a lack of solutions
supporting them.
In this paper, we identify the state of the art of elastic Business Process
Management with a focus on infrastructural challenges. We conceptualize an
architecture for an elastic Business Process Management System and discuss
existing work on scheduling, resource allocation, monitoring, decentralized
coordination, and state management for elastic processes. Furthermore, we
present two representative elastic Business Process Management Systems which
are intended to counter these challenges. Based on our findings, we identify
open issues and outline possible research directions for the realization of
elastic processes and elastic Business Process Management.Comment: Please cite as: S. Schulte, C. Janiesch, S. Venugopal, I. Weber, and
P. Hoenisch (2015). Elastic Business Process Management: State of the Art and
Open Challenges for BPM in the Cloud. Future Generation Computer Systems,
Volume NN, Number N, NN-NN., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2014.09.00
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